DSS
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM:A system which supports the decision making process.
- It supports the decision taken by middle level management by providing required facts and figures.
- It only supports the decision; it doesn’t take the decision
- It doesn’t make the decision by it self but gives management an idea whether the decision is right or not.
DSS has 3 basic components—
a) Model management
b) Dialogue management
c) Database Management (DBM)
Model Management:It has the following components-
- Command Process – to give instructions to search a model
- Model Base – a place where all models are stored
- Model execution – execute model and ask database to search relevant information
- Database interface – an interface between model management & DBM
Dialogue management:
It has the following components
- User Interface – an interface between the User and the System
- Dialogue Control – whether the given command is proper or not
- Request Translator – it translates users command into system language.
DBM:It interprets the command given by users and also searches relevant information for the selected model
- DBMS – all information is stored in database; the system searches all the relevant information & provides to user for supporting the decision
- Interface to Data Services – It will search the information from enterprise and expert sources
Work/ Uses of DSS-
- Supporting the decision
- Future forecast of the effects of the decision
- Graphical analysis of the decision
- Data analysis
Advantage of DSS:
- It doesn’t manipulate the decision taken by the management
Disadvantages of DSS:
- It only supports the decision, but doesn’t take any decision by itself.
GDSS:
Group Decision Support System
- a system which supports the decision of a group by providing them the required facts and figures
Advantages of GDSS
- It shares all the required information
- Better decision is taken in a group due to effective communication.
- The decision maker do not need to gathered at one place; means they can access the system in join the conferencing for Group decision
- It saves time
- Its economical
Types of Support Systems in GDSS:
Decision Networks
The Regular network that helps the individuals in the group to communicate
Decision Rooms
The individuals gather in a room and get entertained with all the facilities required for decision-making process.
Facilities like – database, projectors, computers, networks, reports, etc.
Tele / Video conferencing
Group discussion with the facility of conferencing
Uses of GDSS:
- Brainstorming
- Voting
- Policy formulation
ESS/ EIS
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM / EXECUTITVE SUPPORT SYSTEM
- A system that supports the decision taken by the top level executive
- It is similar to DSS but the only difference is that DSS supports the decision of middle level management & ESS supports the decision of top level management.
- It gathers all the information, manipulates, retrieves, controls, navigates, analyses, summarizes all the required information by the Executive for decision making.
How ESS/ EIS works
Benefits of EIS/ ESS
- Improved communication
- Competitive advantage
- Operational data availability
- Information available in understandable form
- Also helps to achieve organizational objective.
Note: The only difference between ESS and EIS is that ESS is an extended version of EIS
EIS:
It’s a computer based system that serves the information needed by Executive Level. It gives a rapid access to timely information and direct access to management reports
It is very user friendly and is supported by graphics, reports and drill down capabilities (drill down capabilities: It is a combination of judgment & imagination of level management & information provided by system.)
ESS:
A comprehensive executive support system that goes beyond the EIS to include communication, office automation, analysis support and intelligence.
ES & KBES:
EXPERT SYSTEM & KNOWLEDGE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM
Expert System is part of AI
Def: ES is a computer application that guides the performance of illustrated tasks which usually requires experience & expertise.
It doesn’t have an expert on other side. It has al knowledge about experts & task performed by experts previously.
Tasks includes narrow as well as broad tasks__
Narrow tasks - Programming & Coding
Broad Tasks – Planning, Decision making, Organising etc.
ES is programme/ System that represents & reasons with knowledge of some specialists subject to a view of solving the problem and giving advice.
Features of Expert System:
- It doesn’t deal with decision support but also provides experts’ advice
- It is totally based on assumptions that an experts knowledge can be captured in computer storage and applied by others when need arises.
- Expert System are not only used for decision support system, the other uses are
o Training the personnel
o Archiving knowledge within the organisation
o Experts’ advice
o Better decision making
KB: KNOWLEDGE BASE
It is one of the components of ES, which deals with high intelligence queries.
It works on “IF à THEN” methodology
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
When a computer is performing a work or task that would be called intelligence, if people did those.
E.g.: - Calculation done by computers
- Surgery done by machine without presence of any doctors
According to Holsapple & Whinston (1987)
AI is an activity of providing such machines as computer, with the ability to display behaviour that would be regarded as intelligent if it were observed in human being
In simple words_
If a machine performs the tasks of human beings’ intelligence, called as AI.
Types of AI:
- Expert System
- Perceptive System
o Uses visual images, auditory signals to instruct computer or RADAR decices, systems on which robots work
- Computer Vision
o Ability to identify & recognize objects and the context to which they belong; because vision capabilities enhance ability of systems to emulate human intelligence
- Natural Language Processing - languages like English, Hindi, Arabic, etc
- Learning – task once done, can be done again
- Robotics – is a computer controlled device that mimics motor activities of human beings.
Difference between Natural Intelligence & Artificial Intelligence
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM:A system which supports the decision making process.
- It supports the decision taken by middle level management by providing required facts and figures.
- It only supports the decision; it doesn’t take the decision
- It doesn’t make the decision by it self but gives management an idea whether the decision is right or not.
DSS has 3 basic components—
a) Model management
b) Dialogue management
c) Database Management (DBM)
Model Management:It has the following components-
- Command Process – to give instructions to search a model
- Model Base – a place where all models are stored
- Model execution – execute model and ask database to search relevant information
- Database interface – an interface between model management & DBM
Dialogue management:
It has the following components
- User Interface – an interface between the User and the System
- Dialogue Control – whether the given command is proper or not
- Request Translator – it translates users command into system language.
DBM:It interprets the command given by users and also searches relevant information for the selected model
- DBMS – all information is stored in database; the system searches all the relevant information & provides to user for supporting the decision
- Interface to Data Services – It will search the information from enterprise and expert sources
Work/ Uses of DSS-
- Supporting the decision
- Future forecast of the effects of the decision
- Graphical analysis of the decision
- Data analysis
Advantage of DSS:
- It doesn’t manipulate the decision taken by the management
Disadvantages of DSS:
- It only supports the decision, but doesn’t take any decision by itself.
GDSS:
Group Decision Support System
- a system which supports the decision of a group by providing them the required facts and figures
Advantages of GDSS
- It shares all the required information
- Better decision is taken in a group due to effective communication.
- The decision maker do not need to gathered at one place; means they can access the system in join the conferencing for Group decision
- It saves time
- Its economical
Types of Support Systems in GDSS:
Decision Networks
The Regular network that helps the individuals in the group to communicate
Decision Rooms
The individuals gather in a room and get entertained with all the facilities required for decision-making process.
Facilities like – database, projectors, computers, networks, reports, etc.
Tele / Video conferencing
Group discussion with the facility of conferencing
Uses of GDSS:
- Brainstorming
- Voting
- Policy formulation
ESS/ EIS
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM / EXECUTITVE SUPPORT SYSTEM
- A system that supports the decision taken by the top level executive
- It is similar to DSS but the only difference is that DSS supports the decision of middle level management & ESS supports the decision of top level management.
- It gathers all the information, manipulates, retrieves, controls, navigates, analyses, summarizes all the required information by the Executive for decision making.
How ESS/ EIS works
Benefits of EIS/ ESS
- Improved communication
- Competitive advantage
- Operational data availability
- Information available in understandable form
- Also helps to achieve organizational objective.
Note: The only difference between ESS and EIS is that ESS is an extended version of EIS
EIS:
It’s a computer based system that serves the information needed by Executive Level. It gives a rapid access to timely information and direct access to management reports
It is very user friendly and is supported by graphics, reports and drill down capabilities (drill down capabilities: It is a combination of judgment & imagination of level management & information provided by system.)
ESS:
A comprehensive executive support system that goes beyond the EIS to include communication, office automation, analysis support and intelligence.
ES & KBES:
EXPERT SYSTEM & KNOWLEDGE BASED EXPERT SYSTEM
Expert System is part of AI
Def: ES is a computer application that guides the performance of illustrated tasks which usually requires experience & expertise.
It doesn’t have an expert on other side. It has al knowledge about experts & task performed by experts previously.
Tasks includes narrow as well as broad tasks__
Narrow tasks - Programming & Coding
Broad Tasks – Planning, Decision making, Organising etc.
ES is programme/ System that represents & reasons with knowledge of some specialists subject to a view of solving the problem and giving advice.
Features of Expert System:
- It doesn’t deal with decision support but also provides experts’ advice
- It is totally based on assumptions that an experts knowledge can be captured in computer storage and applied by others when need arises.
- Expert System are not only used for decision support system, the other uses are
o Training the personnel
o Archiving knowledge within the organisation
o Experts’ advice
o Better decision making
KB: KNOWLEDGE BASEIt is one of the components of ES, which deals with high intelligence queries.
It works on “IF à THEN” methodology
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
When a computer is performing a work or task that would be called intelligence, if people did those.
E.g.: - Calculation done by computers
- Surgery done by machine without presence of any doctors
According to Holsapple & Whinston (1987)
AI is an activity of providing such machines as computer, with the ability to display behaviour that would be regarded as intelligent if it were observed in human being
In simple words_
If a machine performs the tasks of human beings’ intelligence, called as AI.
Types of AI:
- Expert System
- Perceptive System
o Uses visual images, auditory signals to instruct computer or RADAR decices, systems on which robots work
- Computer Vision
o Ability to identify & recognize objects and the context to which they belong; because vision capabilities enhance ability of systems to emulate human intelligence
- Natural Language Processing - languages like English, Hindi, Arabic, etc
- Learning – task once done, can be done again
- Robotics – is a computer controlled device that mimics motor activities of human beings.
Difference between Natural Intelligence & Artificial Intelligence
A. R. Sayyed
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